PRONUMELE

1. Definitie: inlocuieste un substantiv / un grup nominal

A. PRONUMELE PERSONAL:
1. Forma:
Persoana I sg: I -ME
Persoana a II-a sg.: you - you
Persoana a III-a sg: he / she / it - him/her/it

PLURAL - Persoana I: we - us
Persoana a II-a : you - you
Persoana a III-a: they - them

2. INTREBUINTARE:

I/ ME: il desemneaza pe cel care vorbeste:
I can’t go home.
Help me bring the book, please.
YOU - desemneaza interlocutorul / interlocutorii:
If you come home, I’ll tell you the truth.
HE / HIM: - pentru a vorbi despre o persoana / animal de sex masculin:
Where’s Dan? He’s in the bedroom. Well, I want to talk to him.
SHE / HER: - cand se face referire la o persoana sau la un animal de sex feminin:
She’s going to school now. I want to see her.
IT - desemneaza obiecte sau animale:
I’ve got a big ball. It’s over there.
WE / US: - se utilizeaza pentru a desemna un grup de cel putin 2 sau mai multe persoane, animale sau lucruri:
We are going to town. Can you give us a lift?
THEY / THEM: - se folosesc cand se vorbeste despre 2 sau mai multe persoane, animale sau lucruri:
Are the boys here?
Yes, they are. Well, tell them to come at once.

B. PRONUMELE SI ADJECTIVELE POSESIVE:

1. FORMA:

Adjectivele: Pronumele:
my cat           mine
your book    yours
his car           his
her pen        hers
its door         its
our dog        ours
their house   theirs

2. Intrebuintare:
- se folosesc pentru a indica apartenenta unui anumit lucru:
EX: This is not my hat. Mine is here.
ATENTIE:
Adjectivele si pronumele posesive se folosesc in legatura cu partile corpului si cu imbracamintea:
EX: Dont’t put your hands on my shoulders.
His hair is dark, but mine is fair.
OF + pronume posesiv:
EX: He’s a friend of mine.
I’ve got a few books of yours.

C. PRONUMELE REFLEXIVE SI PRONUMELE DE INTARIRE:

1. Forma:

myself - ourselves
yourself - yourselves
himself / herself / itself - themselves

2. Intrebuintare:

Pronumele reflexive se intrebuinteaza atunci cand complementul si subiectul propozitiei sunt una si aceeasi persoana:
I’m looking at myself in the mirror.
He killed himself.
This machine switches itself on and off.
Prenumele de intarire se folosesc pentru a insista asupra substantivului sau a grupului nominal:
I can do it myself.
The Queen herself visited our school 2 years ago.

D. PRONUMELE RECIPROCE:

1. Forma:

each other - one another

2. Intrebuintare:

- Aceste pronume exprima relatii de reciprocitate intre fiinte si lucruri.
- each other - se foloseste in cazul a doua persoane
- one another - pentru mai mult de doua persoane.
EX: We see each other at the office every day.
They don’t like one another.
- pronumele reciproce se pot folosi in cazul genitiv:
They often borrow each other’s cars.


E. PRONUMELE SI ADJECTIVELE DEMONSTRATIVE:


1. Forma:

this - these
that - those

2. Intrebuintare:
this - these: se folosesc in cazul obiectelor aflate in apropierea vorbitorului.
that - those: desemneaza obiecte mai departate fata de vorbitor.
this / these si that / those - se pot utiliza ca adjective demonstrative:
Look at this box / these boxes here.
That box / those boxes over there are too big.
this / these si that / those - pot fi si pronume demonstrative:
This is a nice coat.
These are nice coats.